What could be a severe complication of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is characterized by gastrin-secreting tumors, usually found in the pancreas or the duodenum, which lead to excessive production of gastric acid. This condition can result in severe gastrointestinal complications, and one possible severe complication is the rupture of the splenic artery.

The mechanism behind this complication involves the effects of excessive acid secretion on the gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to severe ulcers. These ulcers can affect nearby structures, including the splenic artery, which is positioned close to the pancreas. When ulcers erode or cause significant inflammation, the splenic artery may become compromised, leading to its rupture. This scenario presents a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.

The other listed conditions, while they may be concerns for patients with other health issues, are not directly linked to the pathophysiology of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in the same acute and severe manner as splenic artery rupture. Therefore, the significant risk associated with the erosion of the splenic artery from nearby ulceration makes this a severe complication of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.