What effect does hypoxemia have on ventilation?

Hypoxemia, which refers to a deficiency of oxygen in the blood, typically stimulates the respiratory drive, leading to an increase in ventilation. This response occurs because the body senses low oxygen levels through peripheral chemoreceptors, primarily located in the carotid bodies. These sensors trigger the respiratory centers in the brain to increase the rate and depth of breathing, allowing for greater oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion.

As a result, individuals experiencing hypoxemia often hyperventilate in an attempt to compensate for the decreased oxygen availability and improve oxygenation of the blood. Hence, an increase in respiratory rate and depth represents a physiological adaptation to restore normal oxygen levels, validating that hypoxemia produces hyperventilation.