What is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer?

High consumption of hot beverages is considered a major risk factor for esophageal cancer because the act of consuming very hot liquids can lead to thermal injury to the esophagus. This repeated damage can cause inflammation and ultimately increase the risk of cellular changes that may lead to cancer. Studies have suggested a correlation between frequent intake of very hot drinks, such as tea, and an elevated risk of esophageal cancer, particularly in certain populations.

In contrast, while a low-fiber diet and smoking are also associated with increased risks for various cancers, the direct thermal damage caused by hot beverages provides a unique mechanism of risk specifically for esophageal cancer. Excessive physical activity doesn't have a direct link to the development of esophageal cancer, making it less relevant in this context.