What is the primary function of vitamin B12 in the body?

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, plays a crucial role in the maturation of red blood cells. It is essential for the DNA synthesis required for proper cell division. Without adequate vitamin B12, red blood cells cannot develop properly, leading to conditions such as megaloblastic anemia, where the body produces fewer and larger red blood cells that are ineffective at transporting oxygen.

Furthermore, vitamin B12 is involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, an amino acid that can be harmful at elevated levels. By aiding in converting homocysteine into methionine, vitamin B12 also contributes to cardiovascular health. Therefore, its primary function in the body is closely tied to ensuring healthy red blood cell maturation and overall hematological function.