What role does vitamin B12 play in the human body?

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells. It is essential for the proper functioning and development of these cells in the bone marrow. Without adequate levels of vitamin B12, the production of red blood cells can become impaired, leading to conditions such as megaloblastic anemia, where the body produces larger-than-normal red blood cells that do not function properly.

Vitamin B12 is also involved in DNA synthesis and plays an important role in maintaining the health of nerve cells. While it is important for overall health and can indirectly contribute to energy metabolism and other bodily functions, its primary and most critical role is in the formation and maturation of red blood cells, helping to ensure that oxygen is efficiently transported throughout the body.