What surgical procedure may be done to treat duodenal ulcers?

Vagotomy is indeed a surgical procedure that can be performed to treat duodenal ulcers. This technique involves severing the vagus nerve, which innervates the stomach and plays a significant role in stimulating acid secretion. By cutting this nerve, the procedure reduces the gastric acid production, which is a contributing factor to the formation of ulcers.

In cases of duodenal ulcers, where excess acid can lead to inflammation and damage to the duodenal lining, vagotomy helps to promote healing and decrease the likelihood of ulcer recurrence. This approach can be particularly beneficial in severe cases where medication has been ineffective or in patients with complications arising from ulcers.

The other surgical options listed are not appropriate for treating duodenal ulcers: an appendectomy is performed to remove the appendix, a cholecystectomy involves the removal of the gallbladder, and a pancreatectomy entails the removal of a portion or all of the pancreas. None of these procedures target the underlying issue of acid secretion related to duodenal ulcers. Thus, vagotomy stands out as a relevant and effective treatment option.